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SUNACCOP in your newsletter Issue 1 explains the concept of cooperatives:

Cooperatives are enterprises of production, collection, use or appropriation of free and democratic participation, formed by people pursuing an economic objective and social common where the share of each partner in the benefit is determined by the work incorporated into the common goal and not by the amount of money you have contributed. The Cooperative, unlike the stock company is a partnership, not capital. It is based on the equal rights of its members in terms of social management. Moreover, cooperatives distribute their profits or surpluses depending on the activity undertaken by its partners in achieving common purpose. In contrast, in a commercial enterprise, the profit is distributed among the partners in proportion to the economic capital each contributed.

According to the National Superintendence of Cooperatives:

"The Cooperative is a partnership that bind legally constituted in order to solve common needs. Cooperatives are self-managed associations, the process of making making and ownership of the assets belong to all partners in an equitable manner "

Types of Cooperatives

For the author Martínez (1972), the types of cooperatives; in Venezuela are:

• Agricultural Cooperatives: are organized by farmers to lower their costs and have better integration into the market and buy inputs, shared technical assistance and professional marketing the production as a whole, increasing the volume and price improvement, initiate processes of transformation primary production.

• Savings and Credit: To organize this type of cooperative, a group of people from the same community, business, etc., Organized to save regularly, "thus creating a mutual credit, which have the possibility to access to borrow on their savings. "They are charged low interest rates and eliminating the high costs of usury in credit extended by commercial banks. They have the primary purpose to provide, through the cooperative, full access to financial services, act as a regulator price, to educate their members about the best management of their personal and family finances, promoting productive activity through self-employment, self-management and small business support and develop leaders to strengthen the cooperatives and communities.

• Consumer Cooperatives: Van oriented services in the purchase of items consumption. Consumer cooperatives seek to meet the needs of partners in a matter of consumers by providing personal items and family in the best conditions in terms of price, quality, quantity, timing, etc. in the cooperative.

• Industrial Production Cooperatives and Handicrafts: are groups of people that sell products or manufacturers. These companies produce goods and services in the hands of the workers themselves partners.

• Transportation Cooperatives : organizations are constituted by public transport (buses, cars and free position) freight co. In both groups there are two modes, the privately owned work units, in this case the cooperative is reduced to provide certain services, such as the achievement of the route, legal services, medical care. There is also a form of collective ownership of the work units.

• Housing Cooperatives: activity is mainly oriented to the acquisition of land and housing at less cost. They are for your use and enjoyment of the partners and not for speculative trading.

Cooperative • Social Services: Are second degree cooperatives, usually grouped cooperatives of all kinds and sometimes uncooperative bodies which do not pursue profit, as trade unions, religious fellowships, etc. The purpose of these stations is to provide social security beneficiaries: funeral services, pharmacy, medical and hospitalization insurance, etc.

Cooperative Values \u200b\u200b

According SUNACOOP (2001) The Cooperative is a proposal that seeks the common good of a group of people who are associated and organized into a company to reach a objective, guided by the following values:

• Co: The group takes a cooperative maintains a supportive relationship, individual work based on the common goal.

• Accountability: Everyone form a cooperative group to be fulfilled are always the work they deserve. Never lets the team's achievement stand had postponed a task.

• Democracy: The highest authority within a cooperative group is meeting at the Assembly of all members. Decisions are made together.

• Equality: All group members cooperative have the same rights and duties. The allocation of positions has an end but there are cooperative special privileges.

• Equity : The cooperative members always behave in a fair and equitable, meaning that the recognition of the work of each partner is the basis of the functioning of a cooperative enterprise.

• Solidarity The cooperative always ready to give support to others. It is never indifferent to injustice or, the trampling of human dignity.

Principles

Cooperative Cooperatives are governed

seven basic principles recognized internationally by the International Cooperative Alliance. The latest version of those principles was adopted on September 23, 1995 in the city of Manchester. Bulletin No. 11, World Cooperative (1997) describes the cooperative principles: 1 .-

Voluntary and open membership

Cooperatives are voluntary organizations open to all persons able to use their services and willing to accept the responsibilities of membership without gender, race, social class, political or religious position.

2. Democratic Member Control

Cooperatives are democratic organizations controlled by their members who actively participate in defining policies and in decision-making. Men and women elected to represent are accountable to the membership. In primary cooperatives members have equal voting rights (one member, one vote) and cooperatives at other levels are organized in a democratic.

3. economic participation of members

Members contribute equitably and democratically control the capital of the cooperative. At least a portion of that capital is the common property of the cooperative. Members usually receive limited compensation, if any, on capital subscribed as a condition of membership. Members allocate surpluses for any of the following purposes: developing the cooperative, possibly by setting up reserves, of which at least would be indivisible; the benefits to members in proportion to their transactions with the cooperative and supporting other activities approved by the membership.

4. Autonomy and independence

Cooperatives are autonomous organizations support each other, controlled by their members. If they enter into agreements with other organizations (including governments) or raise capital from external sources, on terms that ensure democratic control by their members and maintain their cooperative autonomy.

5. Education, Training and Information

Cooperatives provide education and training for their members, elected representatives, managers and employees so they can contribute effectively to the development of their cooperatives. They inform the general public, particularly young people and opinion leaders, about the nature and benefits of cooperation.

6. Cooperation among cooperatives

Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local structures, national, regional and international.

7. Community Involvement

cooperatives work for the sustainable development of their communities through policies accepted by their members.

Social Economy

Business

Andalusian Federation of Industrial Societies (FEANSAL) (2005) explains the phenomenon of Economics Social:
The concept of "social economy" refers to the set of microeconomic organizations characterized by common features marked by a 'social ethics'. As a concept defined in positive, goes beyond the traditional institutional boundaries based on identified as a residual sector, composed of organizations that do not belong to the sphere of public economy and the private capitalist economy. Today
said the concept of social economy is mostly Latino (francophone countries-France, Belgium, Canada, Spain, Portugal and Latin American regions) with a growing recognition in Italy, Greece, Sweden and the United Kingdom, supported particularly by the Community institutions and academic activity.
The Charter of Social Economics, 22 May 1982, characterizes the Social Economy companies such as: "Those entities outside the public sector, with performance and democratic governance and equality of basic rights of the / as partners / as, practicing a special system of ownership and profit sharing, using the surplus for the year for growth in the company and improving services to members and society. "

In short, these are companies in the market arising from the ownership of certain groups in order to create wealth, generate employment, or to solve social problems that the sole action of public enterprises or public sector, in its broadest sense, have not been able to resolve satisfactorily.
This definition provides the basis for the philosophy of the cooperative, hosts, in fact the following entities:

• Cooperative Societies


• Labor (Labor Anonymous Soc, Soc Limitada Laboral).


• Mutual Insurance and Social Welfare


• Savings


• Agricultural Transformation Companies


• Guarantee Societies Reciprocal


• Foundations and NGOs