Tall White Paper Hats Were They

SUNACCOP in your newsletter Issue 1 explains the concept of cooperatives:

Cooperatives are enterprises of production, collection, use or appropriation of free and democratic participation, formed by people pursuing an economic objective and social common where the share of each partner in the benefit is determined by the work incorporated into the common goal and not by the amount of money you have contributed. The Cooperative, unlike the stock company is a partnership, not capital. It is based on the equal rights of its members in terms of social management. Moreover, cooperatives distribute their profits or surpluses depending on the activity undertaken by its partners in achieving common purpose. In contrast, in a commercial enterprise, the profit is distributed among the partners in proportion to the economic capital each contributed.

According to the National Superintendence of Cooperatives:

"The Cooperative is a partnership that bind legally constituted in order to solve common needs. Cooperatives are self-managed associations, the process of making making and ownership of the assets belong to all partners in an equitable manner "

Types of Cooperatives

For the author Martínez (1972), the types of cooperatives; in Venezuela are:

• Agricultural Cooperatives: are organized by farmers to lower their costs and have better integration into the market and buy inputs, shared technical assistance and professional marketing the production as a whole, increasing the volume and price improvement, initiate processes of transformation primary production.

• Savings and Credit: To organize this type of cooperative, a group of people from the same community, business, etc., Organized to save regularly, "thus creating a mutual credit, which have the possibility to access to borrow on their savings. "They are charged low interest rates and eliminating the high costs of usury in credit extended by commercial banks. They have the primary purpose to provide, through the cooperative, full access to financial services, act as a regulator price, to educate their members about the best management of their personal and family finances, promoting productive activity through self-employment, self-management and small business support and develop leaders to strengthen the cooperatives and communities.

• Consumer Cooperatives: Van oriented services in the purchase of items consumption. Consumer cooperatives seek to meet the needs of partners in a matter of consumers by providing personal items and family in the best conditions in terms of price, quality, quantity, timing, etc. in the cooperative.

• Industrial Production Cooperatives and Handicrafts: are groups of people that sell products or manufacturers. These companies produce goods and services in the hands of the workers themselves partners.

• Transportation Cooperatives : organizations are constituted by public transport (buses, cars and free position) freight co. In both groups there are two modes, the privately owned work units, in this case the cooperative is reduced to provide certain services, such as the achievement of the route, legal services, medical care. There is also a form of collective ownership of the work units.

• Housing Cooperatives: activity is mainly oriented to the acquisition of land and housing at less cost. They are for your use and enjoyment of the partners and not for speculative trading.

Cooperative • Social Services: Are second degree cooperatives, usually grouped cooperatives of all kinds and sometimes uncooperative bodies which do not pursue profit, as trade unions, religious fellowships, etc. The purpose of these stations is to provide social security beneficiaries: funeral services, pharmacy, medical and hospitalization insurance, etc.

Cooperative Values \u200b\u200b

According SUNACOOP (2001) The Cooperative is a proposal that seeks the common good of a group of people who are associated and organized into a company to reach a objective, guided by the following values:

• Co: The group takes a cooperative maintains a supportive relationship, individual work based on the common goal.

• Accountability: Everyone form a cooperative group to be fulfilled are always the work they deserve. Never lets the team's achievement stand had postponed a task.

• Democracy: The highest authority within a cooperative group is meeting at the Assembly of all members. Decisions are made together.

• Equality: All group members cooperative have the same rights and duties. The allocation of positions has an end but there are cooperative special privileges.

• Equity : The cooperative members always behave in a fair and equitable, meaning that the recognition of the work of each partner is the basis of the functioning of a cooperative enterprise.

• Solidarity The cooperative always ready to give support to others. It is never indifferent to injustice or, the trampling of human dignity.

Principles

Cooperative Cooperatives are governed

seven basic principles recognized internationally by the International Cooperative Alliance. The latest version of those principles was adopted on September 23, 1995 in the city of Manchester. Bulletin No. 11, World Cooperative (1997) describes the cooperative principles: 1 .-

Voluntary and open membership

Cooperatives are voluntary organizations open to all persons able to use their services and willing to accept the responsibilities of membership without gender, race, social class, political or religious position.

2. Democratic Member Control

Cooperatives are democratic organizations controlled by their members who actively participate in defining policies and in decision-making. Men and women elected to represent are accountable to the membership. In primary cooperatives members have equal voting rights (one member, one vote) and cooperatives at other levels are organized in a democratic.

3. economic participation of members

Members contribute equitably and democratically control the capital of the cooperative. At least a portion of that capital is the common property of the cooperative. Members usually receive limited compensation, if any, on capital subscribed as a condition of membership. Members allocate surpluses for any of the following purposes: developing the cooperative, possibly by setting up reserves, of which at least would be indivisible; the benefits to members in proportion to their transactions with the cooperative and supporting other activities approved by the membership.

4. Autonomy and independence

Cooperatives are autonomous organizations support each other, controlled by their members. If they enter into agreements with other organizations (including governments) or raise capital from external sources, on terms that ensure democratic control by their members and maintain their cooperative autonomy.

5. Education, Training and Information

Cooperatives provide education and training for their members, elected representatives, managers and employees so they can contribute effectively to the development of their cooperatives. They inform the general public, particularly young people and opinion leaders, about the nature and benefits of cooperation.

6. Cooperation among cooperatives

Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local structures, national, regional and international.

7. Community Involvement

cooperatives work for the sustainable development of their communities through policies accepted by their members.

Social Economy

Business

Andalusian Federation of Industrial Societies (FEANSAL) (2005) explains the phenomenon of Economics Social:
The concept of "social economy" refers to the set of microeconomic organizations characterized by common features marked by a 'social ethics'. As a concept defined in positive, goes beyond the traditional institutional boundaries based on identified as a residual sector, composed of organizations that do not belong to the sphere of public economy and the private capitalist economy. Today
said the concept of social economy is mostly Latino (francophone countries-France, Belgium, Canada, Spain, Portugal and Latin American regions) with a growing recognition in Italy, Greece, Sweden and the United Kingdom, supported particularly by the Community institutions and academic activity.
The Charter of Social Economics, 22 May 1982, characterizes the Social Economy companies such as: "Those entities outside the public sector, with performance and democratic governance and equality of basic rights of the / as partners / as, practicing a special system of ownership and profit sharing, using the surplus for the year for growth in the company and improving services to members and society. "

In short, these are companies in the market arising from the ownership of certain groups in order to create wealth, generate employment, or to solve social problems that the sole action of public enterprises or public sector, in its broadest sense, have not been able to resolve satisfactorily.
This definition provides the basis for the philosophy of the cooperative, hosts, in fact the following entities:

• Cooperative Societies


• Labor (Labor Anonymous Soc, Soc Limitada Laboral).


• Mutual Insurance and Social Welfare


• Savings


• Agricultural Transformation Companies


• Guarantee Societies Reciprocal


• Foundations and NGOs

Brazilian Wax Charlotte,nc

Industrial Property in Venezuela is regulated by, the Autonomous Service of Intellectual Property (SAPI) body under the Ministry of production and trade, and none other than property acquired by the inventor or discoverer with the creation or discovery of any industry related product and the producer, manufacturer or merchant to the creation of special signs which it seeks to differentiate results of his work similar. Industrial property means property rights intangible assets relating to industry and trade: on one hand, those that protect the monopoly of reproduction of new products or procedures for its originality and usefulness deserve such exclusivity, otherwise, the names of the product or merchant attract and serve notice to customers. Intellectual property rights are absolute rights of exclusion or require to be validly constituted, enrollment in a special register on the property in question. Moreover, the public interest requires that the industrial property exclusive concessions are not perpetual, and it determines that the laws grant the right referred to a running time different according to different rules that discriminate against this special property and temporary. After the period of legal existence, rights expire. The shelf may be the effect of other reasons such as nonpayment of annuities or quotas, no use for a period determined by law in each case, and will, therefore, stakeholders.

Industrial Property

industrial property is a set of rights that may have a natural or legal person for an invention (patent, utility model topography semiconductor products, supplementary protection certificates for drugs and pesticides), industrial design, a distinctive mark (trademark or trade name, etc.).
Provides two types of rights: first, the right to use the invention, design or distinctive mark, and secondly the right to forbid anyone else to do.

The right to prohibit (ban di ius) is the most important part of industrial property and allows the holder the right to seek payment of a license. It has time limits, as almost all industrial property rights have a maximum duration, and territory as only valid in the territory which have been granted (usually but not exclusively, a country). Other limits are right to prevent exhaustion of the right, which once traded with permission of the owner or having claimed compensation can not prevent resale, the experimental use and non-commercial, temporary entry into the country a means of transport registered abroad, etc.
( http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propiedad_industrial )

Pat

is a title to a technological innovation, the legal protection given by a patent holder gives an inventor the exclusive right to commercially exploit the invention within the territory of the country granting the right. It also means all patent rights the law grants the inventor of an object or product (meaning the author or creator), whose main characteristic is its novelty, that is, that has not been known or served on test or practice in the State which issued the patent or abroad.

Patent Types:

Of Invention: Its duration is 20 years (Article 50 of Decision 486)

Utility Model: Its duration is 10 years (art. 84, Decision 486)

Article 7: Everyone has the right to improve the invention of another, but you can not use that invention without the consent of the inventor. Nor does the inventor can use the improvement or improvements made without the consent of the author of the improvement. (Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela. Industrial Property Law, Official Gazette dated N0 25 227 December 10, 1956.)

for improvement: This patent is to protect the better that someone has been made to an invention already exists, its duration is five to ten years according to the will of the applicant, according to the Industrial Property Act

Marks

is everything that the consumer thinks when he hears the name of your company. Mark means any perceptible sign capable of distinguishing on the market, products or services produced or marketed by a person of goods or services or similar to another person. Trademarks can be registered as all signs that are capable of distinguishing goods and services in the market which are capable of graphic representation.
Article 27 (LPI): Under the commercial brand name includes any sign, picture, drawing, word or combination of words, legend or any other sign that new magazine, used by a natural person or legal entity to distinguish articles produced, those with whom they traded or your company.

Marche are used mainly for:

• distinguish goods or services.
• display consumer business or geographical origin of products or services.
  emphasize the quality of products or services.
• support and facilitate marketing and advertising campaigns for products or services.
  

Types of Marks

• Brand Product or Service: distinguish goods or services similar in the market.


• collective mark: is any sign which serves to distinguish the origin or any other characteristic common to goods or services belonging to different companies and use it under the control of an owner.


• Certification Mark: is one sign intended to be applied to goods or services whose quality or other characteristics have been certified by the trademark holder.


• Mixed Marks: are those that are composed of a combination of figurative and verbal.


• figurative mark (logos): are those that are composed of word únicos.Marcas designs: those which are integrated by the name of letters or words

Libert ad industry and commerce

Its purpose is individual protection and safeguarding creation of access and dissemination of technology, the right to invest and production, every citizen has the right to participation and access to technological and cultural knowledge through information services in accordance with industrial property laws.

Act pr otection to competition

means free competition, that activity which conditions exist for any subject, whether a bidder or applicant has complete freedom to enter or exit the market, and who are within the no possibility, either individually or in collusion with others, to impose any condition in terms of trade.

the Autonomous Service of Intellectual Property (SAPI) body under the Ministry of Production and Trade, was created under Presidential Decree No. 1768, March 25, 1997 , published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Venezuela No. 36,192 dated April 24, 1997, comes into operation the first of May 1998 by ministerial order of April 7, 1998 and was published in the Official Gazette No. 36,433 of April 15, 1998.

The creation of the SAPI to unite under a single organization of industrial property and copyright. This feature made it possible to expedite and streamline the registration, protection and dissemination of creations of human intellect under the various schemes currently operating in the Venezuelan system of intellectual property. The transformation of the organizational structure of national intellectual property system has been designed in response to dynamic changes in the environment and the emergence of new structures and economic and trade patterns.

Mission SAPI

excellence provide specialized services for the strategic use of Intellectual Property, which contribute to the cultural, economic and social sustainable manner

SAPI Objectives

• Create a public register of traders and business.
  
• Develop a permanent business census. Da
  
• value to almost all material goods and services we use.
  
• Promotes intellectual property system as part of the socio - economic and sostenible.Coordina with his ministry (MPC) implementation of policies.
  

Plasma Donations Arlington Texas

Contitucion of Companies

Commercial Companies

represent how to identify the association of people who seek lawful gain investment. In this essay, not only attempts to analyze the pattern of a corporation, but in understanding the concept, principles, rights and relevant aspects of the constitution of a corporation and limited liability company. In addition to the voluntary union of rational beings around a common goal, the adopted definition refers to the need for stable and efficient agreement for the existence of a society. This postulates the existence of an order which is distributed and shared work benefits, and also postulated the existence of an authority (or government) to monitor compliance with that order. It is therefore obvious that any society, any moral union of men, requires an order to form a unit, as is a power that needed cleared that order and at the same time becomes effective the unity of being social.

The constitution of society creates a new legal subject: the social person, while engendering rights and obligations which are held by the parties involved in this constitution, rights and obligations which together form the state or quality of partner . To produce the fullness of these effects requires the observance of certain forms and requirements, the omission of which entails the irregularity of society.

Traditional theories have been subjected to reprocessing, having proposed the need to overcome the view that legal persons are persons, in technical terms, to move to the level that they are people only in a functional sense, to give special treatment to certain groups. There is talk of a victim's assets technique of limiting the risks of a technical or business management.
The legal doctrine distinguishes between perfect and imperfect. The corporation is an example of diversity.

TYPES OF MERCANTILE CLASSIC

business ideas need a legal framework upon which constituted, in the case that these ideas are talking about joint ventures involving companies. Through the partnership contract two or more persons agree to make a contribution to a company that can be representing monetary or labor, or represented on other goods and then share the profits resulting from the activity of the enterprise or social activity.

Companies People

In Fact: Figure with a minimum of two permanent members and a maximum, not granted by public deed, the liability is unlimited and supportive work input is not estimate, the administration is made according to how the members decide. This shape is typical of the artisanal sector, retail, and arts and crafts services, even among professionals.

Partnership: is made up of two or more people, who share an unlimited and joint liability, contributions can be cash or property, in terms of work not estimated its worth and this is not part of social capital. All members are administrators but can be delegated to a consortium or a stranger. The name is formed with the name or surname of one or more members together with the expression & combines, brothers, and sons and so on. This type of company is best suited for small family businesses.

Limited Partnership: It may have two or more people, a manager and backer, managers unlimited joint and several liability, limited partners respond according to their contributions. The manager can provide labor and industry and are those who manage and represent the company. The limited partners can only be delegated to managers to represent the company. The name must appear under the name or surname followed by managers and Company. S. In C. It is common in small businesses.

Venture Capital

Company: have a minimum of five permanent members and a maximum of them, the capital is represented in the actions and the responsibility goes to the amount of contributions, the contributor industry can profit by this fact receive free shares, or industry. The partners are in a position to be members of the board of directors, legal representatives or officials of the same company. The name is formed with the name of the company together with the expression of SA This company is typical of big business.

Limited Partnership by Shares: Complies with one or more managing partners with unlimited liability and five or more limited partners with limited liability, the capital is represented by securities of equal value, in this case the manager actions can release your contribution of industry, as participation of partners in the administration is the same as in the limited partnership. The name is made up of the company name followed by SCA this society is typical of mid-sized companies and closed nature.

joint ventures

Limited Liability Company:

presents a minimum of two partners and a maximum of twenty (25) the capital is divided into shares of equal value, responsibility principle to the extent of their contributions but may provide greater accountability of one or more of them. The contribution of work has no estimate and is not considered capital. The administration is up to all, however the board may appoint a manager. The name is formed by the company name followed by the expression Ltd. This type of company is common in small and medium enterprises.

CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATION

The organization is a coordinated social unit, conscious, composed of two or more people that works with relative constancy in order to achieve a goal or a set of common goals. According to this definition, production and service companies are organizations, as are schools, hospitals, churches, units, military, retail stores, police departments and local government agencies, state and federal levels. People who monitor the activities of others, who are responsible for organizations to achieve these goals with their managers (although sometimes they are called managers, in particular non-profit organizations).